Research and diagnosis
How Is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of epilepsy is primarily clinical. This means that doctors can often make the diagnosis based on a detailed conversation about the episodes:
– What exactly happens during the events?
– How long do they last?
– Are there similar problems in the family?
In many cases, this information is enough to suspect or confirm epilepsy. However, sometimes it is more challenging. This can happen when no one has ever witnessed the events, or when the symptoms might also fit with other conditions, such as fainting, low blood sugar, sleep disorders, or breath‑holding spells in young children.
Why Are Additional Tests Often Needed?
Once epilepsy is suspected or diagnosed, it is important to understand:
- What types of seizures the person is experiencing.
- What is causing the epilepsy.
Most patients therefore undergo a few non‑invasive tests, which can be done in most hospitals:
- EEG (electroencephalogram): measures electrical activity in the brain.
- MRI scan: creates detailed images of the brain to check for structural changes.
In some cases, extra tests are recommended, such as genetic or metabolic testing. These are usually done when there are additional symptoms, signs of developmental delays, possible intellectual disability, or concerns about other organ systems.
Overview of Possible Tests
Below you will find an overview of the tests most patients receive, along with more specialised tests that are only used in certain situations.